![]() ![]() The people-oriented listener is interested in the speaker. identified four listening styles: people, action, content, and time. International Journal of Listening, 9, 1–13. ![]() The listening styles profile (LSP-16): Development and validation of an instrument to assess four listening styles. In an article in the International Journal of Listening, Watson, Barker, and Weaver Watson, K. Part of the potential for misunderstanding is the difference in listening styles. Being mindful of such differences will help you prepare a speech in which you minimize the potential for misunderstanding. Some might be survivors of war-torn parts of the world such as Bosnia, Darfur, or northwest China. Some of them may speak English as a second language. Your classmates come from many religious and ethnic backgrounds. Think about the classroom audience that will listen to your speeches in this course. Our audiences today are likely to be much more heterogeneous. ![]() This is all the more remarkable when we consider that Aristotle’s audiences were composed exclusively of male citizens of one city-state, all prosperous property owners. Thus Aristotle classified listeners into those who would be using the speech to make decisions about past events, those who would make decisions affecting the future, and those who would evaluate the speaker’s skills. A member of the assembly decides about future events, a juryman about past events: while those who merely decide on the orator’s skill are observers. The hearer must be either a judge, with a decision to make about things past or future, or an observer. For of the three elements in speech-making-speaker, subject, and person addressed-it is the last one, the hearer, that determines the speech’s end and object. Rhetoric falls into three divisions, determined by the three classes of listeners to speeches. Even Aristotle, as long ago as 325 BC, recognized that listeners in his audience were varied in listening style. If listening were easy, and if all people went about it in the same way, the task for a public speaker would be much easier. Lastly, effective listening can help you become a stronger public speaker. Third, effective listening can lead others to perceive you as more intelligent. Second, effective listening can help you become more effective in your interpersonal relationships. First, effective listening can help you become a better student.
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